Type with the keyboard or tap the buttons. The display is a normal editable line — click anywhere in it to position the cursor.
Press = (or Enter) to evaluate. The result is shown as
expr = result and stays editable: edit before the
= and the result updates live; type at the end to start a
new calculation.
| ↑ ↓ | browse previous equations (history) |
| ← → | move the cursor in the line |
| C | clear the current line |
| ⌫ | delete one character |
| DEG/RAD | switch angle units for trig functions |
| F-E | switch results between fixed-point and exponential |
Click any row in the history panel to load that equation back for editing.
| MC | clear memory |
| MR | recall memory into the line |
| M+ | add the current result to memory |
| M- | subtract the current result from memory |
| + - × ÷ | add, subtract, multiply, divide |
| % | percent — divides by 100, e.g. 50% = 0.5 |
| ^ | power, e.g. 2^10 = 1024 |
| ! | factorial, e.g. 5! = 120 |
a number written next to a variable, constant
or bracket multiplies, e.g. 7x = 7×x,
2(3+1) = 8 | |
| = = = | after a result, pressing = (or
Enter) again repeats the last binary operation on the
current result — 1 + 1 = gives 2, then
= = 3, = = 4. Each repeat
commits the previous step to history; expressions with no
binary operator (a single value, function call, or postfix
!) don't repeat. |
| sin cos tan | trigonometric (angle honors DEG/RAD) |
| sin⁻¹ … | inverse trig: asin, acos, atan |
| sinh cosh tanh | hyperbolic, plus asinh acosh atanh |
| ln | natural logarithm (base e) |
| lg | logarithm base 10 |
| logN(x) | logarithm base N, e.g. log2(8) = 3 |
| √ ∛ | square root, cube root |
| floor ceil round | rounding to an integer |
| nPr(n,r) | permutations |
| nCr(n,r) | combinations |
| mean(…) | arithmetic average of the arguments
— mean(1,2,3,4) = 2.5 |
| stdev(…) | sample standard deviation, n−1
denominator (the spreadsheet default) —
stdev(1,3,5) = 2 |
| quartile(q, …) | q-th quartile of the data,
q = 1, 2 or 3 (Q2 is the median) —
quartile(2; 1,2,3,4,5) = 3 |
| percentile(p, …) | p-th percentile of the data,
p in 0…100 —
percentile(90; 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10) = 9.1 |
| normdistr(x, μ, σ) | value of the normal PDF
at x with mean μ and stdev σ —
normdistr(0,0,1) ≈ 0.3989 |
| i | imaginary unit; i² = −1. Mixes
with real numbers in + − × ÷ ^
and in exp sqrt ln lg log (trig of complex
arguments not yet supported). Examples:(2−i)(3+4i) = 10 + 5isqrt(−1) = i ·
e^(i*pi) = −1 |
| integrate(f, v, a, b) | definite integral
∫ab f dv by adaptive
Simpson with Richardson extrapolation. v is the dummy
variable (any identifier). Examples:integrate(x^2, x, 0, 1) ≈ 0.3333integrate(sin(x), x, 0, pi) = 2integrate(t, t, 0, x) ≈ x²/2 (a
function of the outer plot variable) |
| diff(f, v, x0) | numerical first derivative of f
with respect to v, evaluated at x0 (central difference +
Richardson). Examples:diff(x^2, x, 3) = 6 ·
diff(sin(x), x, 0) = 1 ·
diff(e^x, x, 1) ≈ e |
| pi e | constants π and e |
Use the variable x in an expression (e.g.
sin(x)/x) and a 2D graph appears: scroll to zoom, drag to
pan, hover for coordinates; set the x-range or press Reset.
Use x1 and x2 for a rotatable 3D surface
(e.g. x1^2 - x2^2): drag to rotate, scroll to zoom, and
adjust the mesh resolution.
If f(x) is complex-valued (e.g.
exp(i*x), (1+i)*x, x + i*x^2),
the plot switches to a parametric image in the complex plane:
x ranges over [xmin, xmax] and the curve
(Re f(x), Im f(x)) is drawn on the Re×Im
plane. Colour goes from blue at xmin to red at
xmax so the sweep direction is visible.
Use the variable z for a complex point and the plot
switches to a domain colouring (phase-portrait) view: the
canvas is the complex plane, each pixel coloured by
f(z) — hue from arg f(z), lightness
from |f(z)|. Zeros are dark dots, poles bright spots, branch cuts
show as colour discontinuities. Drag pans both Re and Im, scroll
zooms around the cursor. The |f| bands button toggles the
enhanced phase portrait: a faint dark ring at every
contour |f(z)| = 2k, so level curves of the modulus
become visible.
Examples: z^2 - 1, 1/(z^2 + 1),
(z-1)/(z+1), sin(z), exp(z).